Reviewing the Debate for Sufis and Antinomianism

Authors

  • Muhammad Muttaher Bashir Kohsar University, Murree
  • Dr. Gulfraz Abbasi Kohsar University, Murree

Abstract

This paper attempts to explain the difference between the approach of Ulema and Sufis by juxtaposing it with Antinomianism of Christianity. This comparison with Christianity serves two purposes: first, it brings forth the fact that such scenarios are not peculiar to Islam. Second, it shows how, while labelling, the religious scholars of Islam assumed the role of religious authorities like the clergy in Christianity. The paper suggests that the basic difference between traditionalist Ulema and Sufis is of the manner in which they approach existence and reality; and that it would not have caused much trouble, had these Sufis were not critical of their contemporary political establishment. 

Author Biographies

Muhammad Muttaher Bashir, Kohsar University, Murree

Lecturer in History Kohsar University, Murree

Dr. Gulfraz Abbasi, Kohsar University, Murree

Registrar Kohsar University, Murree

References

Justo L. González, Essential Theological Terms (Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press, 2005), 10.

Merriam-Webster Inc., Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Illustrated Edition (New York: Merriam-Webster Inc., 2005), s.v. “Antinomianism.”

Encyclopædia Britannica Online, s. v. "antinomianism," accessed December 18, 2011, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/28267/antinomianism.

Ibid.

Richard Brooks, “Antinomianism – The Present Confusion, Part 1,” Banner of Truth, accessed December 18, 2011, http://www.banneroftruth.org/pages/articles/article_detail.php?747.

Justo L. González, Essential Theological Terms, 10.

Augustus Lawrence Graebner, “Antinomianism,” Lutheran Cyclopedia (New York: Scribner, 1899), 18.

Hobart A. Burch, What’s right? Social Ethics, Choices & Applications (Bloomington: AuthorHouse, 2009), 99.

Augustus Lawrence Graebner, “Antinomianism,” 18.

Hobart A. Burch, What’s right? 99.

Norman L. Geisler, Christian Ethics: Contemporary Issues & Options (Michigan: Baker Academic, 2010), 11-12.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid., 12.

Hobart A. Burch, What’s right? 100.

Norman L. Geisler, Christian Ethics, 18.

Cyril Glassé, The New Encyclopedia of Islam (Walnut Creek: AltaMira Press, 1991), 51.

Patricia Crone, Medieval Islamic Political Thought (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2004), 324.

Tanvir Anjum, Chishti Sufis in the Sultante of Delhi 1190-1400: From Restrained Indifference to Calculated Defiance (Karachi: Oxford University Press, 2011), 45.

Victor Danner, “The Earlier Development of Sufism,” Encyclopedia of Islamic Spirituality Volume One: Foundations, ed. Seyyed Hossein Nasr, (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2000), 252-256.

Uthman Al- Julla’bi Al-Hajwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub, trans. Dr. R. N. Nicholson (Lahore: Islamic Book Foundation, 1976 rpt., first published 1911), 37.

Dr. Mir Valiuddin, The Quranic Sufism (Lahore: Oriental Publishers, 1978 rpt., first published 1959), 4.

Ibid.

E. H. Palmer, Oriental Mysticism: A Treatise of Sufistic and Unitarian Theosophy of the Persians ( London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd., 1969), 38-42.

Ibid., 58-64.

Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy 1999 rpt., first published 1975), 70.

Firoozeh Papan-Matin, Beyond Death: The Mystical Teachings of Ayn ul-Qudat (Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, 2010), 133.

Hamid Dabashi, Truth and Narrative: The Untimely Thoughts of ‘Ayn Al-Qudat Al-Hamdani (Surrey: Curzon Press, 1999), 290.

Idries Shah, The Way of the Sufi (London: Penguin Books, 1990), 62.

Ibid., 85.

Firoozeh Papan-Matin, Beyond Death, 134.

Idries Shah, The Way of the Sufi, 171.

Herbert W-Mason, Al-Hallaj (Surrey: Curzon Press, 1995), 53.

Idries Shah, The Way of the Sufi, 112.

Herbert W-Mason, Al-Hallaj, 55.

Carl W. Ernst, Words of Ecstasy in Sufism, 55-59.

Kenneth S. Avery, A Psychology of Sufi Sama: Listening and Altered States (Abingdon: RoutledgeCurzon, 2004), 3.

William C. Chittick, The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn Al-Arabi;s Metaphysics of Imagination (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989), 370.

Idries Shah, The Way of the Sufi, 171.

Kenneth S. Avery, A Psychology of Sufi Sama, 3.

For further detail see, Kenneth S. Avery, A Psychology of Sufi Sama, 5.

Ibid.

Regula Qureshi, Sufi Music of India and Pakistan: Sound, Context and Meaning in Qawwali. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 1986), 122.

For a detailed discussion see “The Nature and Origin of Sufism,” by Abu Bakr Siraj Ed-Din, 233-3, in Encyclopedia of Islamic Spirituality Volume One: Foundation.

For a precise and comprehensive discussion see, Sufism and its Political Dimensions: A Historical Perspective, 68-77.

Published

2020-04-19

Issue

Section

English Articles

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